By John Jones 2010
Before we jump into getting our guitar in tune, let’s take a couple minutes and look at some interesting points behind the music. For instance, what is a sound? What makes it pleasurable or harsh to our ears?
For our purposes today, we’ll define sound as “the sensation produced by stimulation of the organs of hearing by vibrations transmitted through the air.”
Why is sound important? Because it’s one way we perceive the world we live in, right? It’s one way of transferring energy from one medium to another, it’s a way to exchange ideas, thoughts, forms, communication, and create something within us that we wouldn’t perceive any other way. It’s the only way we hear beauty and truth. It makes us feel SOMETHING. Good or bad, it moves us to a different level of understanding and meaning.
That brings us to the next phase of getting in tune; the difference between resonance and dissonance. Resonance is defined as “a sympathetic vibration.” Plucking the string of the guitar causes the string to vibrate at a particular frequency which in turn causes the wood to vibrate which amplifies the sound so that you hear it in your ears. On the other hand, dissonance is defined as “a discordant combination of sounds” or a “lack of agreement and consistency.”
So, for our purposes, musically, we think of resonant sounds as pleasing and dissonant sounds as not pleasing, or wanting to resolve. One makes us feel good, the other makes us feel uneasy. Another way to think about it is this: one makes us feel “in tune,” the other makes us feel “out of tune.” Physiologically one sound releases serotonin in our brain and makes us feel good, another sound simply “feels” wrong.
Creating a resonant tone on a crystal bowl provides an example of a resonant tone. My crystal bowl has been tuned to a frequency of 220 Hz. Studies have shown this frequency, above others, can be directly responsible for entraining your cells to a homeostatic state. In other words, this frequency is believed to allow your cells to repair themselves to their natural state of well-being. That’s part of the reason that most people will find that they like this sound, they’re attracted to it in an almost un-canny way. It’s because our bodies know what’s good for us and it lets us know by feeling good. It’s stating, “Hey, I like that, give me more of that!”
On the other hand, a dissonant sound created by two disharmonious tones will make you feel uneasy and restless. Sirens and attention signals are purposefully tuned to dissonant pitches to get our attention and make us feel uneasy. Think of the Emergency Broadcast System on your TV.
So that’s the why. Here’s the how:
Each note of a musical scale corresponds to a particular frequency. For our purposes, we’ll start with the frequency which corresponds to the second string on the guitar, the “A” string. It has a frequency of approximately 110 Hz, or 110 beats per second. Today, the standard of tuning several instruments to be in tune with each other is to calibrate each of them to the standard pitch of 440 Hz. This is the “A” above middle “C” in a standard chromatic scale. Two octaves below that pitch or one half of one half of that frequency is 110 Hz, our “A” string here on this guitar. So that’s where we’ll start. In order to calibrate this string you can use one or several methods such as a tuning fork or a pitch pipe. In the interest of time, I’ve pre-tuned this string so we’ll say that this is pretty close to our mark.
Once that string is tuned to the proper frequency, it’s simply a matter of recognizing the relationships of the frequencies of the other strings. Like this:
By stopping the previous string against the fret at the proper frequency, you can hear when the two tones coincide with each other. By matching the beats, you put the next string in tune with the previous one. So on and so forth up the strings.
I hope this presentation will allow you to keep your guitars in tune. If not, you can always download a free guitar tuner at the app store.


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